Weaving of fabrics



May'5, 1936. R. ROSSMANN WEAVING OF FABRICS Filed May 2'7, 1935llllllllllllll mummn Patented May 5, 1936 PATENT OFFICE wmvmo or FABRICSRudolf Rossmann, Gauting, near Munich, Germany, assignor to firm 'IefagTextil-Finanz A.-G., Zurich, Switzerland Application May 2'7, 1933,Serial No. 673,227

I In Germany June 2, 1932 11 Claims.

This invention relates to the weaving of fabncs.

In looms as hitherto constructed the slay is usually reciprocated bycrank gears so as to beat up the weft, the pick being effected by meansof shuttle boxes carried and reciprocated by the slay so that theprojection of the shuttle takes place during the return movement of theslay. During part of this return movement and part of the succeedingforward movement of the slay the pick takes place, so that the shuttleis guided by the reed. Since therefore the slay must be operativelyconnected to the shuttle boxes, complicated and sometimes unreliablemechanisms result whilst, in addition, the shocks due to the catchingand projection of the shuttle necessitate a heavy slay whichconsequently requires considerable power for its operation.

Though proposals have been made to employ fixed shuttle boxes and tostop the slay momentarily at its rearmost reversal point to allow theshuttle to pass through the shed, theshuttle is liable to be projectedout of the desired path due to the unevenness of the warp caused, forexample, by knots in the warp threads. The present invention has for itsobject to overcome the above difficulties without forfeiting theadvantages attendant upon the use of fixed shuttle boxes.

To this end according to the invention the reed is held stationary in aposition remote from the beating up point while the shuttle passesthrough the shed, the shuttle being positively guided as it passesthrough the shed. The positive guiding of the shuttle may be effected bythe reed itself while this is stationary.

and to this end the reed may have a shape which conforms to the contourof at least one part of the shuttle. plane of the warp threads, theshuttle boxes being conveniently then arranged so'that the shuttlepasses into and out of each box in a direction substantially tangentialto the curvature of the reed.

Instead of or in addition to such curvature the reed may be formed so asto positively engage the shuttle as, for example, byforming the reed ofteeth so constructed that, when assembled to constitute the reed, .theteeth together form a guide which engages or conforms substantially tothe contour of at leastone part of the shuttle. Each tooth may comprisetwo fingers spaced apart and converging towards their outer ends thusforming, when all the teeth are assembled,

a passage through which the shuttle can pass,

The reed may be curved in the the inner surface of each finger beingpreferably cut away or recessed with a view to preventing warp threadsfrom being drawn into the tooth by the shuttle. Alternatively theconverging fingers of the tooth may be formed to engage grooves onopposite sides of the shuttle. If desired a tooth may be constituted'bya member bent or recessed to engage a correspondingly shaped part of theshuttle.

The reed, instead of being formed of a series of similar teeth, forexample as any one of those above. indicated, the reed may have .teethof two or more of such constructions so that as the shuttle passesthrough the teeth it will be guided at different parts of its surface.In this way not only the horizontal but also the vertical sides of theshuttle will be positively guided.

In the accompanying drawing- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate in plan and inside elevation respectively one construction of a'loom embodying theinvention,

Figure 3 illustrates in a. manner similar to Figure 1, anotherconstruction also according to the invention, and

Figures 4, 5, 6, '7, 8, 9, and 10 show forms of the tooth which may beemployed to build a reed in accordance with the invention.

, In the construction illustrated in, Figures 1 and 2 the loom comprisestwo lateral frame members I, 2 having shuttle boxes 3 and 4respectively.

At the rear side of the machine is arranged a let-off beam 5 (Figure 2)from which the warp threads 6 pass over the slay I. The slay I, which isoperated as hereinafter described, carries a reed 8 whereby the weft isbeaten up after it has been picked in by the shuttle 9, the fabric it)thus formed passing on to a take-up beam ll. The mechanism for operatingthe slay is clearly shown in Figure 2 and comprises a fixed pivot l2carrying a bell-crank lever one arm it of which constitutes a sword foroperating the slay whilst the other arm carries a followerll engaging acam groove l5 ina cam l6.- The warp threads pass from the let-off beam 5over a swing beam II, the fabric passing over a breast beam It to thetake-up beam ii.

The formation of the cam-groove I 5 is such that as the cam rotates inthe direction of the arrow, for example, from the position shown inFigure 2, the follower ll remains stationary with respect tothe' pivotl2. The slay I and reed I are thus arrested in their rearmost position,i. e. with the reed 8 remote from the beating up point in .the shed. theshuttle 9 passing through the shed so as to pick in a weft thread whilethe slay and reed are thus arrested. The length of time during which theslay and reed are held stationary is determined by the angle subtendedby the truly circular part of the cam groove l5, this angle beingpreferably at least 180. The length of time during which the slay andreed are held stationary can therefore be determined as desired inaccordance with the speed of the shuttle and the width of the fabric ID,by employing a cam disc the circular portion of whose track subtends agreater or smaller angle.

After the weft thread has been picked in, the eccentric portion of thecam groove l5 engages the follower and moves the slay and reed 8 so thatthis beats up the weft.

In the construction illustrated in Figure 3 the reed 8 is curved, asshown, in the plane of the fabric ID. The shuttle boxes, which are fixedin position as in the construction already described. are directedtangentially with respect to the curvature of the inner surface of thereed 8. The shuttle passes throughthe shed when the reed and slay areheld stationary, as by the cam l5 above described, the reed 8 guidingthe shuttle E as this passes through the shed from one shuttle box tothe other. The shuttle 9 is in this way positively guided since its ownmomentum causes it to bear against the curved reed throughout thepassage of the shuttle through the shed.

If desired instead of or in addition to curving the reed as describedwith reference to Figure 3 a passage or guide channel for the shuttlemay be incorporated in the reed. Thus, for example, as illustrated inFigure 4 the reed may be constituted by a series of teeth l9 eachcomprising two fingers 20, 2i together forming a guide conduit for theshuttle S which may be bevelled as shown to fit freely within the guideconduit. The space between the free ends of the fingers 2t, 2! allowsfor the passage of the fabric during the beating up operation.Alternatively, the reed may be constructed as shown in Figure 5 in whicha series of teeth 40 are arranged to form a reed having a curvature asindicated in Figure 3. Each tooth 40 is bent or recessed whereby theteeth 40 together form a V-shaped channel for engagement with bevelledsurfaces 4| formed on each longitudinal side of the shuttle 9.

The reed may be constructed as shown in Figure 6 wherein the reed isformed by a series of teeth 22, each tooth having two fingers 23, 24forming a channel in a manner somewhat similar to the construction shownin Figure 4. The fingers 23 and 24 are however recessed internally at 25and 26 which will tend to prevent warp threads, which have becomedisarranged from the shed, from being drawn and jammed between thefingers 23, 24 by the shuttle, and thus interfering with free movementof the shuttle during the pick. Figure 7 illustrates yet a furtherconstruction of reed which is formed by a series of teeth 21 each havingtwo fingers 28, 29 the free. ends of which are adapted to engage grooves30 and 3| formed in the shuttle 9.

If desired the reed may be constructed of a series of teeth which differfrom each other. Thus, for example, alternate teeth may be constructedas'shown in Figure 1 and the remaining teeth as shown in Figure 8 or asshown in Figure 9. In Figure 8 each tooth comprises two fingers 32, 33whose inner faces are substantially parallel to each other, recesses25', 26' being conveniently provided as described with reference toFigure 6. In Figure 9 the tongues 34, 35 of each tooth are slightlycurved but the inner surfaces 36, 37 are substantially parallel to theback or opposite surface 38. Teeth as shown in Figure 8 thus engage theupper and lower surfaces of the shuttle 9 whilst teeth of the type shownin Figure 9 engage its vertical sides, so that by forming the reed withalternate teeth as shown in Figure 7, with the remainder of the teeth asshown in Figure 9, the shuttle will, in eifect, be engaged on all sidesas it passes through the weft. Alternatively, some of the teethconstituting the reed may be formed as shown in Figure 8 whilst theremaining teeth are formed as shown in Figure 9. This last describedcombination is shown in Fig. 10 of the drawing. In this figure, a toothaccording to Fig. 9 is shown in front. Behind this, is a tooth accordingto Fig. 8, the invisible parts of which are shown in dotted lines.

It will be seen that whilst a loom embodying the invention retains allthe advantages obtained due to fixed shuttle boxes, it also results in aconsiderable economy in power being effected since the slay is light andhas only to support the reed. At the same time accurate guiding of theshuttle is ensured with consequent reduction in breakage of warpthreads.

It will be understood that the constructions above-described are givenby way of example and that details may be modified.

I claim:

- 1. In a loom for weaving, the combination of stationary shuttle boxes,a shuttle, a slay, a reed supported by said slay, said reed consistingof a plurality of claw-shaped members each having two fingers pointingsubstantially in the direction of the warp threads and being spacedapart and converging toward their outer ends thus forming, when allmembers are assembled, a passage through which the shuttle can pass andan opening through which the weft thread can run off.

2. In a loom for weaving, stationary shuttle boxes, a shuttle, a slay, areed supported by said slay, said reed consisting of a plurality ofclawshaped members each having two fingers spaced apart and convergingtoward their outer ends thus forming, when allmembers are assembled, apassage through which the shuttle can pass,

each finger having a recess at its inner face, said recess forming anopen space when the shuttle pastsgs through said members, for thepurpose set for 3. In a loom for weaving, stationary shuttle boxes, ashuttle, a slay, a reed supported by said slay, said reed consisting ofa plurality of clawshaped members each having two fingers spaced apartand converging toward their outer ends thus forming, when all membersare assembled, a passage through which the shuttle can pass, saidfingers having projections at their ends and said shuttle havingrecesses negatively conforming with said projections.

4. In a loom for weaving, stationary shuttle boxes, a shuttle, a lay, areed supported by said lay, said reed consisting of a plurality ofclawshaped members' each having two fingers pointing in substantiallythe direction of the warp threads and being spaced apart and convergingtoward their outer ends, thus forming, when all members are assembled, apassage through which the shuttle can pass, each finger having a recessat its inner face, said recess forming an open space when the shuttlepasses through said members.

5. In a loom for weaving, stationary shuttle boxes, shuttles, a lay, areed-supported by said lay, said reed having a plurality of claw-shapedmembers which point and open up in substantially the direction of thewarp threads and iorm a tunnel-like channel having a rounded insidecontour through which the shuttles can pass.

. ,6. In a loom i'or weaving, the combination of stationary shuttleboxes, shuttles, a lay, a reed supported by said lay, said reed having aplurality of claw-shaped members which point and open up insubstantially the direction of the warp threads and form a tunnel-likechannel having a rounded inside contour through which the shuttles can.pass, said shuttles having an octagonal cross-section leaving openspaces between said shuttles and said channel when racing through saidchannel.

rectangular cross-section having flattened corners and flat sides-saidflattened comers forming surmembers of another set having a partconforming ends spaced apart, said fingers pointing substantially in thedirection of the warp threads and converging toward their outer endsthus forming, when all members are assembled, a passage through whichthe shuttle can pass, said passage 5 having an opening with roundedsides permitting an easy run-oil? of the weft threads. 9. In a loom forweaving, stationary shuttle boxes, shuttles, a slay, a reed supported bysaid slay, said reed consisting of at least two sets of different toothmembers, the members of one set being interspersed between the membersof boxes, shuttles, a slay, a reed supported by said slay, said reedconsisting of at least two sets oi. different tooth members, the membersof one set being interspersed between the members of another set, alltooth members together forming a channel which is open on one side andis adapted to definitely guide the shuttles.

11. In a loom for weaving, stationary shuttle boxes, shuttles havingaplurality of sides, a slay, a reed supported by said slay, said reedconsist-. ing of at least two sets of different tooth members, themembers of one set having a part (2011-. forming with at least one sideof said shuttles, the

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